Tag: Concepts

Stocks, flows and national debt

Newspaper articles often say or imply that the national debt risks exploding if it exceeds 100% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Some such articles even say this more directly by talking about national debt becoming ‘larger than the economy’, by which they appear to mean ‘exceeding 100% of GDP’. Such articles rarely say why the… Continue reading Stocks, flows and national debt

Can a subsidiary have assets and liabilities?

Consolidated financial statements report the assets and liabilities, income and expenses, and equity of a group as if the group were a single entity. A group is a parent and its subsidiaries (the entities controlled by the parent). Obviously, a parent and its subsidiaries are not a single entity, even though consolidated financial statements report… Continue reading Can a subsidiary have assets and liabilities?

On current cost for inventory

The IASB revised its Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting in 2018. While the IASB was developing that revision, a few people suggested that the revised Conceptual Framework should compare historical cost and current cost in more detail. Some of them suggested (around 2013) that: In this post, I look briefly at the second of those… Continue reading On current cost for inventory

FX on eliminated intragroup balances

The IFRS Interpretations Committee issued in September 2025 a Tentative Agenda Decision Classification of a Foreign Exchange Difference from an Intragroup Monetary Liability (or Asset). The Tentative Agenda Decision is open for comment until 25 November 2025. It is available at IFRS – Tentative Agenda Decision and comment letters: Classification of a Foreign Exchange Difference… Continue reading FX on eliminated intragroup balances

Defining contingent liabilities

IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets contains an unusual definition of contingent liabilities. The definition covers 3 different items that do not form a natural class, and it also differs from how people (other than people applying IAS 37) commonly think about contingent liabilities. This post explains how IAS 37 ended up having… Continue reading Defining contingent liabilities

Why has research on ‘conservatism’ told standard setters so little?

There is a vast and burgeoning academic literature on conservatism in accounting, and a slightly less flourishing literature on the somewhat related notion of accounting prudence. When I worked in standard setting, I didn’t find that literature as helpful as I had hoped. My impression is that my colleagues and other standard setters didn’t find… Continue reading Why has research on ‘conservatism’ told standard setters so little?

Liability or equity?

I have submitted a comment letter to the IASB on 2 aspects of its Exposure Draft Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Equity, available at IFRS – Exposure Draft and comment letters: Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Equity—Proposed amendments to IAS 32, IFRS 7 and IAS 1 The comment deadline is 26 March 2024. The text… Continue reading Liability or equity?

Own credit risk

The topic of own credit risk generates perhaps more strongly held views than any other accounting topic. For example, in around 2011, the IASB was developing a discussion paper on insurance contracts. Some of us visited one of the largest insurers in the world. They knew almost nothing about the project. But they had heard… Continue reading Own credit risk

Is there such a thing as unrecognised income or expense?

The IASB’s Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting and IFRS Standards discuss both recognised assets and liabilities and unrecognised assets and liabilities. A question that sometimes comes up whether there exists a corresponding notion of unrecognised income and expenses. Unrecognised assets and unrecognised liabilities The Conceptual Framework acknowledges that not all assets and liabilities are not… Continue reading Is there such a thing as unrecognised income or expense?